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水性聚氨酯胶黏剂在汽车内饰中的应用

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2018/12/21 浏览次数：

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水性聚氨酯胶黏剂在汽车内饰中的应用
Application of waterborne polyurethane adhesive in automobile interior decoration
汽车内饰胶是指汽车顶棚、地板、地毯、仪表板、门板等内饰件的粘结，多采用聚氨酯、氯丁等胶粘剂。

Automotive interior adhesive refers to the bonding of automobile ceiling, floor, carpet, dashboard, door panel, and so on.

汽车内饰用泡沫背衬乙烯基塑料、织物与纤维板和其他硬质基材的粘接，过去一直使用溶剂型胶粘剂，而溶剂型胶粘剂正是车内VOC最主要的来源之一，随着环保法规的健全以及人们环保意识的增强，溶剂型汽车胶粘剂将会逐渐被环保型胶粘剂所取代，尤其是水性汽车内饰胶的推广应用势在必行。

The automotive interior is bonded with vinyl plastic, fabric and fiberboard and other hard substrates. Solvent adhesives have been used in the past. Solvent based adhesives are one of the most important sources of VOC in the car. With the improvement of environmental regulations and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, solvent based automotive adhesives will gradually be developed. It is necessary to popularize the environmentally friendly adhesive, especially the waterborne automotive interior adhesive.

与溶剂型聚氨酯胶黏剂相比，水性聚氨酯胶黏剂具有以下特点：
Compared with solvent based polyurethane adhesives, waterborne polyurethane adhesives have the following characteristics:
1、无溶剂，环保，能提供更安全的工作和使用环境。
1, solvent free, environmental protection, can provide safer work and use of the environment.
2、黏度低，且不随聚合物相对分子质量的改变有明显差异，因此，可通过提高水性聚氨酯的相对分子质量以提高其内聚强度和初粘强度；而溶剂型胶粘剂的黏度则随聚合物相对分子质量的增高呈指数关系上升，交联时易产生凝胶。
2, the viscosity is low and does not vary obviously with the change of the molecular weight of the polymer. Therefore, the relative molecular mass of the waterborne polyurethane can be improved to improve its cohesive strength and initial adhesion strength, while the viscosity of the solvent based adhesive increases exponentially with the increase of the molecular weight of the polymer, and it is easy to produce a coagulant when the polymer is crosslinked. Glue.
3、固含量可高达50%，而大多溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂的固含在20%左右，且溶剂型的黏度随固含量增大而急剧上升，相比之下水性聚氨酯更容易调整配方。
3, the solid content can be as high as 50%, while most solvent polyurethane adhesives are contained in about 20%, and the viscosity of solvent type increases sharply with the increase of solid content, and it is easier to adjust the formula than the water polyurethane.
4、对各种基材如PC，ABS的粘着力与溶剂型相当，但对PP等基材的粘接必须做表面处理。
4, the adhesion of various substrates such as PC and ABS is the same as that of solvent, but the adhesion to PP and other substrates must be treated by surface treatment.
5、干燥过程比溶剂型慢，耗能较大。
5, the drying process is slower than the solvent type, and the energy consumption is larger.
6、投资成本低，无需溶剂回收和防火防爆设施。
6, low investment cost, no solvent recovery and fire and explosion protection facilities.
水性聚氨酯胶粘剂按照不同的应用特点可分为三大类：热活化粘接、湿法粘接（接触胶）和冷粘。
Waterborne polyurethane adhesives can be classified into three categories according to their application characteristics: thermal activation bonding, wet bonding (contact rubber) and cold bonding.
热活化粘接是指胶粘剂在上胶之后，经过干燥，加热干胶层，使胶层在一定的温度下产生初粘力，然后再与被粘基材在一定的压力、时间下复合的一种粘接方式。热活化粘接是水性聚氨酯胶粘剂最常用的一种应用方式。大多数水性聚氨酯分散体的产品可适用于配置热活化胶（图1）。
Thermal activation bonding is a kind of bonding method, after the adhesive is used, after drying, drying, heating the dry glue layer, making the adhesive layer at a certain temperature to produce the initial adhesive force, and then combined with the sticky substrate in a certain pressure and time. Thermally activated bonding is one of the most common applications of waterborne polyurethane adhesives. Most products of waterborne polyurethane dispersions are suitable for the deployment of heat activated adhesives (Figure 1).
热活化粘接的过程示意
The process of thermal activation bonding
对于热活化粘接，结晶速率的快慢直接影响初粘强度的高低和初始耐热性。一般地，结晶速率越快，初始粘接强度越大，初始耐热性也越好，粘接达到最终强度的时间也更短。另一方面，相对分子质量的大小又影响到内聚强度和耐热性，相对分子质量越大，内聚强度高，最终耐热性好。微信公众号：nonVOC。
For thermal activation bonding, the rate of crystallization directly affects the initial viscosity strength and initial heat resistance. In general, the faster the crystallization rate, the greater the initial bonding strength, the better the initial heat resistance, and the shorter the time to reach the final strength. On the other hand, the relative molecular mass affects cohesive strength and heat resistance. The greater the molecular weight, the higher cohesive strength and the better heat resistance. WeChat public number: nonVOC.
湿法粘接是指粘接过程不需要热活化且在水分干燥之前即可进行粘合的一种粘接方式，这类胶粘剂可称为聚氨酯型的接触胶。这类粘接方式通常适用于粘接多孔性材料或具有吸水性的材料如织物、海绵、无纺布、木材、纸张等。
Wet bonding is a bonding process that does not need thermal activation and can be bonded before water drying. This kind of adhesive can be called polyurethane type contact adhesive. This type of bonding is usually applied to porous materials or absorbent materials such as fabrics, sponges, non-woven fabrics, wood and paper.
冷粘是指胶粘剂经过干燥后，在一定的时间段以内不需要加热即可直接进行贴合形成牢固粘接的一种粘接方式。适合这种粘接方式的胶粘剂具有较长的开放时间，通常属于低结晶型或无定形类的胶粘剂。
Cold sticky means that after drying, the adhesive can be directly bonded to form a bonding method without heating during a certain period of time. Adhesives suitable for this bonding process have a longer opening time and are usually low crystalline or amorphous adhesives.
水性聚氨酯胶粘剂在汽车内饰的应用
Application of waterborne polyurethane adhesives in automobile interior
水性聚氨酯胶粘剂可应用于汽车内饰门板、仪表板、顶棚、座椅、地毯、后置物板、行李箱盖板、扶手包边等部件的粘接。
Waterborne polyurethane adhesives can be used in automotive interior door panels, dashboards, roofs, seats, carpets, rear panels, trunk cover plates, armrest edges and other parts .
水性聚氨酯胶粘剂在汽车内饰件粘接的典型应用部件
Application of waterborne polyurethane adhesive in automotive interior trim
采用水性聚氨酯胶粘剂替代溶剂型胶粘剂可显著降低VOC的排放，同时能保证可靠的粘接质量，尽管水性聚氨酯胶粘剂价格较溶剂型高，但由于其固含量是溶剂型胶水的2~3倍，通过恰当的工艺，最终部件的单位用胶成本可以与溶剂型相当。
The use of waterborne polyurethane adhesive instead of solvent based adhesive can significantly reduce the emission of VOC and ensure reliable bonding quality. Although the price of waterborne polyurethane adhesive is higher than that of solvent type, because its solid content is 2~3 times of solvent type glue, the cost of unit use of the final components can be dissolved by the appropriate process. The dosage form is equivalent.
由于真空吸塑采用喷涂施胶，因此要求胶粘剂的黏度不能太高，以免喷涂不均和堵枪。同时黏度也不能太低而造成喷胶后胶液流淌无法形成均匀的胶膜。对溶剂型胶粘剂来说，为了降低黏度采用降低固含量的方式来配胶，使用大量的溶剂，最终挥发到空气中。
Because vacuum coating is spray coated, the viscosity of adhesives should not be too high, so as to avoid uneven spraying and blocking guns. At the same time, the viscosity should not be too low, resulting in the flow of glue which can not form a uniform film after spraying. For solvent adhesives, in order to reduce viscosity, a solid content reduction method is used to mix the glue, and a large amount of solvent is used to volatilize into the air.
而水性胶固含高，施胶量可以控制在溶剂型胶水的三分之二或一半左右。因而最终成本相当。
The water content of the adhesive is high and the amount of glue can be controlled by 2/3 or about half of the solvent type glue. Thus the final cost is equivalent.
从粘接效果来看，对于PC/ABS材质，双组分水性聚氨酯胶粘剂完全能达到和溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂同等的粘接效果，对于PP材质，在不做基材预处理的情况下，虽然溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂润湿性优于水性聚氨酯胶粘剂，但溶剂型或水性聚氨酯都无法满足强度要求；而基材做了预处理之后，水性聚氨酯胶粘剂和溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂均能满足强度要求。
According to the bonding effect, for the material of PC/ABS, the double component waterborne polyurethane adhesive can achieve the same bonding effect as the solvent based polyurethane adhesive. For the material of PP, the wettability of the solvent based polyurethane adhesive is better than the waterborne polyurethane adhesive, but the solvent type or water property is better than the base material pretreatment. Polyurethane can not meet the strength requirements, and after the substrate is pretreated, both waterborne polyurethane and solvent polyurethane adhesives all meet the strength requirements.

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